Friday, 23 December 2016

THE GREAT ANATOLIA




  


Asia Minor... Land of Sunrise... Land of Hatti... Center of first holly Temple dated back to 10.000 BC... Here is great ANATOLIA...


            If you just wish to explore new beauties of your life, without doubt you are at the true address where is possible to come across traces of whole history. Sometimes you will find yourself in the scent of a flower, sometimes you will loose yourself in a glass of tea while watching Bosphorus. While scoutting the ruins in urban areas you will be surprised by the attitude of local citizens.


            Mountains, rivers, wide plains, high plateaus, lovely cities, various vegetation, memorable sights, luxury resorts with long beaches and the most friendly peaople...

Just some notes...

            Let's have a trip with our guidance...

                                                                                                              Professional Tour Guides
                                                                                                           Oya Kara


ABOUT ANATOLIA



Turkey, Anatolia  is  transcontinental Eurasian country made up largely of Anatolia including 97% of the country, is separated from European Turkey by the Bosphorus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles European Turkey  comprises 3% of the country.


The territory of Turkey is more than 1,600 km long and 800 km wide, with a roughly rectangular shape which is the world's 37th-largest country in terms of area. The country is encircled by seas on three sides: the Aegean Sea to the west, the Black Sea to the north and the Mediterranean to the south. Turkey also contains the Sea of Marmara in the northwest. Eastern Turkey has a more mountainous landscape and is home to the sources of rivers such as the Euphrates, Tigris and Aras, and contains Lake Van and Mount Ararat, Turkey's highest point at 5,165 metres.



The coastal areas of Turkey bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea have a temperate Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild to cool, wet winters. The coastal areas of Turkey bordering the Black Sea have a temperate Oceanic climate with warm, wet summers and cool to cold, wet winters. The Turkish Black Sea coast receives the greatest amount of precipitation and is the only region of Turkey that receives high precipitation throughout the year. The coastal areas of Turkey bordering the Sea of Marmara have a transitional climate between a temperate Mediterranean climate and a temperate Oceanic climate with warm to hot, moderately dry summers and cool to cold, wet winters. Conditions can be much harsher in the more arid interior. Mountains close to the coast prevent Mediterranean influences from extending inland, giving the central Anatolian plateau of the interior of Turkey a continental climate with sharply contrasting seasons.





 COLOURS OF ANATOLIA




Turkey is a secular state with no official state religion; the Turkish Constitution provides for freedom of religion and conscience. Islam is the dominant religion of Turkey, it exceeds 99% of secular people of Muslim. There are about 130,000 people of different Christian denominations, including an estimated 80,000 Oriental Orthodox, 36,000 Roman Catholics, 6,000 Orthodox and smaller numbers of Protestants. Today there are 270 churches open for worship in Turkey. The Orthodox Church has been headquartered in Istanbul since the 4th century AD.


Turkey has a very diverse culture that is a blend of various elements of the Greek, Roman, Oğuz Turkic, Seljuks, Anatolian, Ottoman and Western culture and traditions which started with the Westernization of the Ottoman Empire and still continues today. This mix originally began as a result of the encounter of Turks and their culture with those of the peoples who were in their path during their migration from Central Anatolia to the West.






Turkish music and literature form great examples of such a mix of cultural influences, which were a result of the interaction between the Ottoman Empire and the Islamic world along with Europe, thus contributing to a blend of Turkic, Islamic and European traditions in modern-day Turkish music and literary arts. Turkish literature was heavily influenced by Greek, Persian and Arabic literature during most of the Ottoman era, though towards the end of the Ottoman Empire. Architectural elements found in Turkey are also testaments to the unique mix of traditions that have influenced the region over the centuries. In addition to the traditional Byzantine elements present in numerous parts of Turkey, many artifacts of the later Ottoman architecture, with its exquisite blend of local and Islamic traditions, are to be found throughout the country, as well as in many former territories of the Ottoman Empire. Mimar Sinan is widely regarded as the greatest architect of the classical period in Ottoman architecture. Since the 18th century, Turkish architecture has been increasingly influenced by Western styles, and this can be particularly seen in Istanbul where buildings like Dolmabahçe and Çırağan Palaces are juxtaposed next to numerous modern skyscrapers, all of them representing different traditions.






 A BRIEF HISTORY OF ANATOLIA




The high plateau between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean is the setting for many of the most significant advances of neolithic man and his successors in the early stages of civilization. First human habitation was found out with excavations by Klaus Klaus Schmidt in Göbeklitepe in Urfa province, southern of Turke, dated back to 10.000 BC. With the use of metals Anatolia is regularly first, or among the first. Copper implements are found here from around 7000 BC. Bronze is used in the 3rd millennium BC, later than Sumeria but not by much. Iron is first worked here, in about 1500 BC. One of the world's first towns, Catal Huyuk, is on the southern edge of the Anatolian plateau. Excavation has revealed evidence of quite developed agricultural  communities living on this site from about 6500 to 5700 BC.


Several millennia later Anatolia is the site of the first of the many empires established by Indo-European tribes - eventually the dominant group in the Eurasian land mass all the way from the Atlantic to India. These first Indo-European conquerors, ruling Anatolia from the 17th to 12th century BC, are the Hittites. Contemporary with the Hittites, but controlling a much smaller tract of territory  in the northwest of Anatolia, are the Trojans. Troy survives many disasters, including several major fires, but none is so destructive as the sacking of the town by Greeks, in about 1250 BC, in the Trojan War. Consisting originally of many small independent settlements, Ionia emerges in the 8th century as a league of twelve cities which between them dominate western Anatolia. Some, such as Miletus, will take a prominent role in the spread of Greek civilization. With the rise of the Persian empire to the east, and the combined strength of Greece to the west, Anatolia acquires  the role which it will fulfil through much of history - that of a buffer state, over which the powers of southeast Europe and southwest Asia repeatedly clash. The prolonged struggle of the Greco-Persian wars is finally resolved in Greece's favour, in the late 4th century BC, when Alexander the Great marches east. But for the subsequent three centuries Anatolia is disputed  between Hellenistic rulers, competing for the scraps of Alexander's territorial acquisitions.






By the 1st century BC a new western force is securely in place. The Roman empire has extended its rule to the eastern Mediterranean coast. The Roman legions hold Anatolia with little more than occasional corrective expeditions. Nevertheless, successive empires in Persia remain a constant threat. In the 7th century AD, on two separate occasions, Persian armies reach the walls of the Byzantine capital, Constantinople.

    

The 7th century also sees the rise of a new force which will eventually wrest Anatolia from the Byzantine empire, making it instead the heart of a Turkish empire. Within fifty years of the death of Muhammad, the Muslims are threatening Anatolia. They attack Constantinople in 673. This proves a campaign too far, and Anatolia remains within the Christian empire. But just to the east of Anatolia, Syria and Armenia are lost to Islam.





By the end of the 11th century Muslim Turkish tribes have infiltrated much of Anatolia. The entire region becomes, once again, a shifting frontier between two great power blocs - representing now Christianity and Islam. Muslim victory in the struggle is finally assured with the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Anatolia becomes the centre of a Turkish empire, and today comprises most of modern Turkey.

No comments:

Post a Comment